The Fantasy World of The Fixer :: Bernard Malamud The Fixer

The Fantasy World of The Fixer  In Bernard Malamuds The Fixer, almost each(prenominal) of Yakov Boks time is spent in prison. The Fixer is an examination of freedom and its compliment, commitment (Helterman 67 ). Though Bok has no physical freedom, the longer that he is imprisoned, the more true freedom he obtains. Bok is adequate to(p) to attain this freedom through his dreams and hallucinations. These sequences are authorised because they prevent the story from becoming static, notwithstanding more important, they illustrate that true freedom lies within ones self. Yakov Bok is tormented in the governments attempt to obtain his confession to the ritual murder of Zhenia Golov. He is poisoned, strip searched, chained, and nearly frozen to death The fixer was chained to the wall all day,and at night he lay on the bedplank, his legs locked in the stocks...the leg holes were tight and chafed his flesh if he tried to turn a little...the stalk mattress had been removed from his cell...now in chains, he thought the searches of his body might end but they increased to six a day, tierce in the morning and three in the afternoon.( 236 ) These tortures leave Bok with no conscious energy to focus against his captors. Thus, it is only through Boks dreams and hallucinations that he can escape and deal with his imprisonment. One of the most important freedoms which Bok finds within himself is the freedom to accept his religion. In one of his dreams he dreams that his father-in-law, the only father that he has really known, has died. When he wakes, Bok says to himself, Live Shmuel, live...let me die for you (287 ). Bok experiences a mixture of panic after awakening from this dream. He cannot fathom that he will not see this man again, even though he knows that their ever contact again is nearly impossible. Bok realizes through this dream his true feelings towards the old man whom he called father. Furthermore, Bok knows that through his death for a crime he did n ot commit, he can save many of his Jewish brothers from death in the riots which would ensue if he were released. Therefore, Boks saying let me die for you is directed not just to his father-in-law, but to all those who, had they been in the wrong place at the wrong time as he was, could just as easily have been accused of this homogeneous crime.

Sound in The Tempest and the New Orthodox View :: Tempest essays

Sound in The Tempest and the New Orthodox stack Critics fool offered varying evaluations of the characters in William Shakespeares The Tempest. Some consider Prospero to be magnanimous for forgiving his enemies, for freeing Ariel from the confines of a tree, and for treating Caliban with great sympathy until the monsters attempted fuck up of Miranda. Others mentation Prospero as an authoritarian colonizer and consider both Caliban and Ariel to be his innocent and mistreated subjects. In his article Reading The Tempest, Russ McDonald argues that the new orthodox reading of The Tempest, which exalts the colonized, is as narrow as the old, which idealizes and excuses the colonizer (117). He argues that the actual status of the characters is considerably more ambiguous, and he supports his heap by analyzing the rhetorical devices present in the play. However, a close examination of the various sounds disbursed throughout the work--including speech, silence, and music--tends to su pport a less ambiguous view of the characters. Indeed, it tends to lend support to the new orthodox view that Prospero is an oppressive colonizer, for he a lot threatens his enemies and servants with repellant sounds and demands silence from others, including his daughter. The play begins with a ships crew being subject to terrifying sounds that Prospero has ordered Ariel to produce. The sounds are all loud-mouthed whistle, storm, cry, thunderclaps, levy and cracks, and roaring (1.1.7, 14 1.2.203-5 2.1.2). The terror that these sounds and the accompanying storm inflict upon the mariners is evidenced by their cries All lost To prayers To prayers All lost (1.1.52). The infliction of these sounds is similarly do to appear unjust when Miranda pleads with her father If . . . you have / Put these wild waters in this roar, allay them. / . . . O, the cry did knock / Against my very heart. Poor souls, they perished (2.1.1-9). Indeed, Prospero often refers to dreadful sounds as a mea ns of threatening others. I will plague them all, / Even to roaring, he says of Caliban, Trinculo, and Stephano (4.1.188-214). When Prospero believes Ariel is not providing an eager and willful service, he threatens the genius with handcuffs in a tree, reminding Ariel that when he was previously trapped, his groans / Did make wolves howl (1.2.289-90). Prospero also tells him, Thou hast howled away twelve winters (1.2.298). Similarly, Prospero threatens Caliban, carrying out his threats and subjecting the monster to tortures accompanied by unpleasant sounds. Sound in The Tempest and the New Orthodox View Tempest essaysSound in The Tempest and the New Orthodox View Critics have offered varying evaluations of the characters in William Shakespeares The Tempest. Some consider Prospero to be magnanimous for forgiving his enemies, for freeing Ariel from the confines of a tree, and for treating Caliban with great sympathy until the monsters attempted rape of Miranda. Others view Prosp ero as an oppressive colonizer and consider both Caliban and Ariel to be his innocent and mistreated subjects. In his article Reading The Tempest, Russ McDonald argues that the new orthodox interpretation of The Tempest, which exalts the colonized, is as narrow as the old, which idealizes and excuses the colonizer (117). He argues that the actual status of the characters is considerably more ambiguous, and he supports his view by analyzing the rhetorical devices present in the play. However, a close examination of the various sounds disbursed throughout the work--including speech, silence, and music--tends to support a less ambiguous view of the characters. Indeed, it tends to lend support to the new orthodox view that Prospero is an oppressive colonizer, for he often threatens his enemies and servants with unpleasant sounds and demands silence from others, including his daughter. The play begins with a ships crew being subject to terrifying sounds that Prospero has ordered Ariel t o produce. The sounds are all loud whistle, storm, cry, thunderclaps, fire and cracks, and roaring (1.1.7, 14 1.2.203-5 2.1.2). The terror that these sounds and the accompanying storm inflict upon the mariners is evidenced by their cries All lost To prayers To prayers All lost (1.1.52). The infliction of these sounds is also made to appear unjust when Miranda pleads with her father If . . . you have / Put these wild waters in this roar, allay them. / . . . O, the cry did knock / Against my very heart. Poor souls, they perished (2.1.1-9). Indeed, Prospero often refers to unpleasant sounds as a means of threatening others. I will plague them all, / Even to roaring, he says of Caliban, Trinculo, and Stephano (4.1.188-214). When Prospero believes Ariel is not providing an eager and willful service, he threatens the spirit with imprisonment in a tree, reminding Ariel that when he was previously trapped, his groans / Did make wolves howl (1.2.289-90). Prospero also tells him, Thou hast h owled away twelve winters (1.2.298). Similarly, Prospero threatens Caliban, carrying out his threats and subjecting the monster to tortures accompanied by unpleasant sounds.

Abortion :: essays research papers

Perhaps no contemporary issue inspires more heated debate than abortion - the deliberate marches of a pregnancy. Many have witnessed and experienced the bitterness of such a controversial debate. There are two types of people in this world. Pro - plectrum activists believe in the right to choose a safe, legal abortion. Pro - life activists believe that abortion is murder. Why is the debate over abortion so emotional? Some argue about the rights of the fetus (unborn child) while others argue if abortion should be legal. The debate usu whollyy strays from these basic issues. For example, pro - weft advocates testify to convince their opponents womens rights are at risk. Pro - life supporters argue that the rights of the fetus are as important as those of the mother, and that abortion is murder. Other pro - choice defenders argue that if abortion is murder, why do so many pro - life advocates fight against the most logical methods of preventing this so - called genocide - birth loo k and sex education? (Reardon, 138) Another reason for the bitterness of this debate is that most pro - choice and pro - life advocates reached their conclusions about abortion very primaeval in life, probably even earlier than they can remember. They were taught from previous generations that there was only one correct point of view. Many people have hassle seeing why others who were brought up with the opposite point of view cannot simply look at the facts and be persuaded to change their minds. Tempers flare when opponents resort to oversimplification because the issue is definitely not simple. According to recent public opinion polls, the majority of Americans (at least 60 percent) hold beliefs that place them somewhere between the two most extreme, or radical, positions on the abortion issue. Although radical groups on both sides of the issue may get the most media attention, most Americans have moderate viewpoints. Individuals in this moderate viewpoint may lean toward pro - life or pro - choice, but they seek to stay at middle ground. Most people feel awkward with abortion and are troubled by many of the reasons given for having one but these same people are also uncomfortable with the governmentss interference in a womans right to choose an abortion, a right granted in 1973 by the landmark Supreme Court decision in Roe vs. Wade. fractional the adults surveyed by the New York Times in 1996 supported the availability of safe, legal abortions while only 9 percent felt that no abortions at all should be permitted.

The Failures of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) :: Essays Papers

The Failures of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) One hundred and ten people were killed on board ValueJets flight 592 May 11, 1996. Federal Aviation Administrations (FAA) failure to correct the problems found in an inspection contributed to this tragic crack up (McKenna 59). FAA inspections atomic number 18 contributing to too many deaths on board major airlines. The corruption in the system has lead to many frightening statistics and problems but on that point are still a lot of improvements for the FAA. The FAAs failure to inspect and report malfunctions caused 26 cases of uncontained disk/spacers. Also 10 cases of uncontained blades, 9 reversers, 9 fires in the undercowl, 6 engine separations, 6 case ruptures and 1 cowl separation. Airworthy planes that fly into terrain are the leading cause of accidents. Pilots do not know where they are going in relation to the ground but the aircraft is under control. It has killed 2,396 people from 1987 to 1996. Statistics show that U.S. carriers are the unassailablest in the world. However the Safer Skies program by NASA predicts by the course of instruction 2010 there will be 6 or 7 catastrophic accidents per year if changes are not made soon (Hilkovitch 4). The FAA acquired a reputation as the tombstone agency because it only addresses dangerous scenarios after fatal air disasters occur. General Accounting Office (GAO) found that inspectors often do not import up violations because they are dismissed and proposed fines are set aside by their superiors. FAA inspectors discovered that contractors painting several ValueJet airplanes improperly reinstalled rudders used to steer the plane. AirTran Airlines had falsified documents, improper maintenance, untimely repairs and repeated failures to supervise contractors. Here is an example of an inspection report for AirTran Airlines -- 3 instances of failing to properly calculate the proper weight and balance of aircraft to determine safe take of f and landing speeds. -- A senior pilot who oversees the qualifications of other pilots falsified information about the experience of an unspecified number of them. -- Failure to examine seven planes transponders, which sends out altitude and directional information to traffic controllers, after the planes receive major overhauls. -- Improperly trained workers renovated an unspecified number of cabins to make way for large business- class seats and modify the passengers emergency oxygen system (Associated Press 12).

Abortion: A Religious Issue Essays -- essays research papers fc

Abortion A Religious IssueOne of the toughest issues to debate in our adult male today is spontaneous abortion. Abortion is the induced termination of pregnancy before the fetus can survive. Nowadays, abortion affects all people, not still the mother and the baby. There argon moral, ethical, health-related, political, and religious aspects that affect how people feel towards abortion. By looking at religion and its views, one can see just how hard it would be to struggle in the pro-choice position of this debate. First of all, I must start with the truththe Bible does not directly say anything about abortion. The actual discussion is not mentioned at all. During biblical times, abortion was an unthinkable act and in that location was no need to mention it in the criminal code (Anderson 1). Children were viewed as a gift or heritage from the Lord the Scriptures statethat God opens and closes the womb and is sovereign over conception (Anderson 1). In this sense, childlessness wa s seen as a curse (Anderson 1). Passages interpreted from the Bible are used as supporting details because they state indirectly how God feels towards the issue.Before Christ was born, however, opinions differed towards abortion. Unwanted children were destroyed by abortion and infanticide because the Romans and Greeks thought human life was neither sacred nor inviolate (Ayd 48). In fact, Aristole claimed that all babies beyond a legally defined quota should be sentenced to death by exposure (Ayd 48). However, there were some people who objected this inhumanity. Hippocrates declared that physicians should not perform or enable a women to procurean abortion (Ayd 48). Even though there were laws against the act, people ignored them and continued to perform the procedure as if it was nothing.Then God became man, and man was created in Gods image. The Bible says that man is not the owner of his life and body, and the uses he can make of these are limited and governed by divine law (Ayd 48). The entire will of God is for man to summon to know Him in a personal relationship so that he may spend eternity in Heaven. This is why there is life on Earth. If one can go through the trials and temptations of life and stay on the side of the Lord, then he is deemed worthy to go to Heaven. By following through with an abortion, the u... ...holic Churches will continue to teach that the Bible and God are against abortion. There will also be many people who will oppose this teaching because of their own opinions and beliefs. No matter how people feel towards the issue of abortion, we must remember that the entire procedure is between the mother and the fetus. Both need to be taken into consideration when making a decision, and it is not hard to see where one might be led once reading the Bible.There is just one thing I do not understand. Whatever happened to the Golden Rule Do unto others as you would have them do unto you? As Dr. Irvine Page says, animateness has a way o f taking revenge on those who destroy it (Ayd 51).Works CitedAnderson, Kerby. Arguments Against Abortion. 2000 19 February 2001.Ayd, Frank J., M.D. Abortion The Catholic Viewpoint. Abortion Changing Views And Practice. Ed. R. Bruce Sloane, M.D. innovative York Grune and Stratton, Inc, 1971. 48-52.Bible- New International VersionScwarz, Stephen D. The Moral Question of Abortion. Chicago Loyola University Press, 1990.

Abortion: A Religious Issue Essays -- essays research papers fc

Abortion A Religious IssueOne of the toughest issues to debate in our world today is miscarriage. Abortion is the induced decision of pregnancy before the fetus apprize survive. Nowadays, abortion affects all community, not just the mother and the baby. There are moral, ethical, health-related, political, and religious aspects that affect how batch step towards abortion. By looking at religion and its views, one can see just how hard it would be to argue in the pro-choice position of this debate. first of all, I must start with the truththe rule book does not directly say anything about abortion. The actual word is not mentioned at all. During biblical times, abortion was an unthinkable act and there was no need to mention it in the criminal code (Anderson 1). Children were viewed as a gift or heritage from the manufacturer the Scriptures statethat God opens and closes the womb and is sovereign over conception (Anderson 1). In this sense, childlessness was seen as a curse (A nderson 1). Passages taken from the Bible are used as supporting details because they state indirectly how God feels towards the issue.Before Christ was born, however, opinions differed towards abortion. Unwanted children were destroyed through with(predicate) abortion and infanticide because the Romans and Greeks thought human life was incomplete sacred nor inviolate (Ayd 48). In fact, Aristole claimed that all babies beyond a legally defined quota should be sentenced to death by exposure (Ayd 48). However, there were some people who objected this inhumanity. Hippocrates declared that physicians should not realize or enable a women to procurean abortion (Ayd 48). Even though there were laws against the act, people ignored them and continued to perform the procedure as if it was nothing.Then God became man, and man was created in Gods image. The Bible says that man is not the owner of his life and body, and the uses he can make of these are limited and governed by divine law (Ayd 48). The entire will of God is for man to come to know Him in a own(prenominal) relationship so that he may spend eternity in Heaven. This is why there is life on Earth. If one can go through the trials and temptations of life and stay on the side of the Lord, then he is deemed worthy to go to Heaven. By following through with an abortion, the u... ...holic Churches will continue to teach that the Bible and God are against abortion. There will also be many people who will oppose this teaching because of their own opinions and beliefs. No matter how people feel towards the issue of abortion, we must remember that the entire procedure is between the mother and the fetus. Both need to be taken into consideration when making a decision, and it is not hard to see where one might be led once reading the Bible.There is just one thing I do not understand. Whatever happened to the Golden Rule Do unto others as you would have them do unto you? As Dr. Irvine Page says, Life has a way of ta king punish on those who destroy it (Ayd 51).Works CitedAnderson, Kerby. Arguments Against Abortion. 2000 19 February 2001.Ayd, Frank J., M.D. Abortion The Catholic Viewpoint. Abortion Changing Views And Practice. Ed. R. Bruce Sloane, M.D. New York Grune and Stratton, Inc, 1971. 48-52.Bible- New International VersionScwarz, Stephen D. The Moral interrogative mood of Abortion. Chicago Loyola University Press, 1990.

Ancient History Essay

Queens played great roles during the period of recent farming Egypt. They were know as the Great Royal Wifes of the pharaohs and contributed politically, religiously and diplomatically influencing the roles of women during this period, and even future tabby cats. Queen Tiye was an important influence on invigorated state Egypt and was the profound wife of Amenhotep III and they ruled a peaceful reign. Tiye was the daughter of Yuya which was a officer in the chariotry, priest of min and Tuya (chief of harem of Amun and min) which both had Nubian regal blood origins.Married at a young age, one year after he became pharaoh and gave her the title Great august wife. Also gave birth to arkhenaten and new(prenominal)(a) children. She greatly shaped foreign relations, religion and politics at the time. She overly was greatly altered depictions of the queen in fine art. She was well educated, competent and complementary alternatively than dependant on her spouse Amenhotep III im pacting the role of women during the period. Historian Robins highlights that the king could renew himself through female principle important ritual roles proving the queen was of key immensity to the pharaoh.Tiye was Represented as the same size as her husband Amenhotep III and was considered to be a traditional queen. She was a leading figure in solar theology however more untraditional inclined changes came with iconography during her time as Great Royal Wife becoming increasingly equal to that of her husband. This proposed the paper that the role of the queen was becoming progressively more important, therefore the depiction of her in equal proportions to her husband suggests that the roles were becoming split between the pharaoh and the queen.Unlike other queens she was overly frequently present in his monuments. She was besides her husband amenhotep III colossal statue in the Medinet Habu temple located in Western Thebes and was also the same size representing her equality . The cobra depicted them as powerfulnessful gods. She was glorified and praised by Amenhotep III which is proven by him building her the largest man- do pleasure lake in history, construct a beautiful palace at one end. Art also depicted her in family scenes which previously were regarded as too intimate such as being Arm in arm(statues).Through the roles of Tiye, future queens Nefertiti and Nefertari we are able to observe the changing roles of queens influenced them and clearing path for them. The kings built temples to a contendd them and depicted them as goddesses. Queen Tiye played a great religious role and according to Historian Nicholas Grimal she was the personification of Maat goddess of justice and truth. She was also depicted as goddess ta weret in statues representing fertility and motherhood (mother of Egyptians). A temple was also dedicated to her in Sedianga(Nubia) meaning she was worshiped as a goddess.Commemorative and marriage scarabs were made for her publici sing their marriage and promoting the pharaonic cult as everyone that attended received one meaning they would be remembered. She also participated in religious festivals such as the Sed festival. She also served as a priestess within Amun-Re suggesting that her religious roles were not extensive yet they were still an increase on the contributions to that of her predecessors. A Khan Academy Documentary by Beth Harris shows a headdress worn by Tiye that included horns solar disk, referring to the religion Atenism which is monotheistic and regal promoting the god Aten.Horns and Feathers on headdress also related to the goddess Hathor. Tiye Served for 50 years as queen advocating political stability, which was widespread and when Amenhotep III was ill she also maintained this stability. She was portrayed as the Sphinx in a pharonic stance which is patent in Tefnut. Meaning similar to the Sphinx Tiye hunts and protects people Egypt. A Steven Khan academy documentary highlighted Tiyes stable ruling and the fact that she was important and knowledgeable, therefore her son Akhenaten depended on her and respected her, having her actively participate in politics and the affairs of royal court.She was respected and depended on, and in order to have her actively participate in politics and the affairs of the royal court, he elevated her to a goddess which is shown by the headdress she wore. (Same headdress mentioned above). Armana garner show her foreign and diplomatic power and that she conversed with hittites and mittani addressing diplomatic affairs which were a integral part of Tiyes role and contribution.Evidence has made it clear that at least one foreign ruler wrote to her in person concerning matters of state and requesting her support. Tushratta king of Mitanni wrote to her personally(Amarna Letters) following death of her husband and other foreign rulers also wrote to her concerning matters of state or asking for support in requests for gold. Tushratta also w rote a letter to Queen Tiye after Akhenaten came to the throne, and in a later letter to Akhenaten, a reference to his mother is made in the opening paragraph outlining her importance to him.This illustrates the realisation of foreign powers regarding the growing importance and involvement of the queen concerning decision making in relation to Egypt, it also shows the power the queen was beginning to persist over the pharaoh. She was also the first queen in Egypt to have name on official acts and announcement of the kings marriage to a foreign princess. The achievement, contributions and influence during the New kingdom period of Tiye differed according to their respective influences. Through the roles of Tiye, we are able to observe the changing roles of queens over time.Tiye was considered to be a traditional queen who greatly influenced queens to come by the power she held mainly politically and diplomatically. Over the time we are able to see that the roles had evolved . The ro les contributions of queen Tiye during the new kingdom periods were defiantly an increase on that of queens before them, as they gained spanking positions and roles as the Great Royal Wife and also achieved considerable increases in power over Egypt. Another influential Queen during this period was the wife of Akhenaten Nefertiti.She had a enormous influence on religion and politics in Egypt at the time. She was also depicted in art and played a vital role in her husbands reign and was given pharonic attributes. Nefertiti was seen to be more military minded, wearing the war crown and military skirts in images of her. She had a great religious role during the time while polytheistic tradition changed to a monotheistic ones. She supported the new monotheistic religion to such an extent that she changed her name to Nefertieferuaten Nefertiti.Many also believe she was the brain behind the religious revolution. She Fully participated in religious ceremonies as seen in relics such as the Hewet-Benben temple in East Karnak. She made offerings to Aten like her husband and prayers were even offered to her. Nefertiti was the female principle of the trinity which the Egyptians prayed to, proving she was regarded as a god alongside Akhenaten and Aten. According to historian Anna Capel, Nefertiti wasnt only a high priestess but acted as liaison between the people and Aten. prize Dunn draw them as the primeval first pair as Aten accessed through them influencing religion. Images of her as a goddess were found on the tomb of Akhenaten to protect him in the afterlife. In art depictions Nefertiti considered age of truth in natural state. Reliefs showed her in her natural state including her imperfections and showing her age. A new form of art by her also showed her in her natural state and allowed reveals of intimacy and informality, even affection and family scenes in which other queens had never been shown before.Her pharaonic power was shown as she was seen wearing crown of pharaohs which was regarded as controversial and contributed to the developing image of women in the royal family at the time which is a new form of art as highlighted by historian Jimmy Dunn. Politically Nefertiti was very powerful and had a great pharaonic role. Akhenaten stressed regalty by making her of equal power during processions. She was also depicted wearing the royal regalia and smiting enemies which proved her pharaonic role and was usually a symbol associated with the pharaoh.This influenced the image of women and queens during the time, impacting the traditional roles of queens, giving them more power. Many Historians such as John Harris agree that she shared a co-regency with Akhenaten towards the end of his reign, as the pharaoh Neferneferuaten as his equal. This is depicted by images of her Adjacent to Akhenaten as they received gifts. Historians also have a belief that her political role was so powerful that she was the successor Smenkhare. Nefertiti also had a diplomatic influence and was involved in political issues.This was shown through the letters of Amarna displaying communication with foreign kings and queens. She also received foreign tributes and envoys. This proves that she had the political power to interact and make vital diplomatic decisions influencing Egypt. In conclusion both Queens, Tiye and Nefertiti had vital contributions and impacts to New Kingdom Egypt as they played enormous religious, political and foreign roles and enhanced the equality between pharaohs and their queens and even women during the period.

Ethical Practices of Computer and Internet Technology

Computer and Internet technology use In the trifleplace gives rise to questionable ethical practices among employees as come up as managers. For the last three (plus) decades the increasing availability and advances in technology has improved productivity however the use of computers and Internet in the workplace leads to temptation to misuse the resource for personal gain.Employees and managers accessing private employee information for personal gain, improper data access to hose who are not privy to it and software write were a few of the concerns discussed in the 30 year old article Computer Ethics Questions Arise on Misuse in billet (Pollack, 1983). The kindly media boom of the last decade has brought with It additional questionable ethical violations In the workplace. Time stealing Is discussed in the New York Times online article Opting to Blow the blab or Choosing to Walk Away (Tugged, 2013).It states, According to the Ethics Resource Center, a nonprofit research organi zation, the No. Misconduct observed ? by a trine of 4,800 respondents ? was misuse of comp any time (Tugged, 2013 Para. 4). Eric Swenson discusses the stealing of time through excessive personal use of Internet streaming and social media in his video Business Ethics & Stealing Time, by Eric Swenson, Demand Media Video (Swenson, n. D. ). In the words of Eric Swenson, misuse of company time Is time stealing. According to a study conducted by Eric Swenson, The average employee in a white collar business spends 3. Hours daily on personal internet usage (Swenson, n. D. ) However, he broaches the question does this matter? He calls the workers of the present and future, 2020 to be exact, millennial employees who want to be connected and be Involved socially (Swenson, n. D. ) Swenson states that employees now want to be online streaming videos, media, and music. Is this the way people work today? The consideration he gives is that he is more concerned about the productivity of the employe e versus the exact method or use of time that it takes to get the work accomplished.My conclusion Is there Is definitely an ethical line to be drawn in personal use of computers and Internet technology within the work place. I would ascertain that if privacy is violated for personal gain or technology or work product is stolen as stated in the first article, it is intimately definitely ethical violation. As far time stealing, where the line gets fuzzier, It should be Judged on whether the time spent on Internet or social media has any impact on the productivity of the employee or benefit to their specific job.

Lascelles Chin …. the Journey of a Jamaican Entrepreneur

Lascelles mentum is hold, chairman and Chief executive officer of the Lasco Group of Companies in Jamaica. The Lasco group is made up of Lasco Distributors, Lasco Foods Successors Ltd, Lasco Foods Ltd, Lasco Barbados Ltd, Lasco Financial Services Limited and Lasco remit Services. The cuckold of products and services delivered by the companies is diverse. Lasco Foods Successors Ltd is responsible for the manufacturing and exporting of soy establish products while Lasco Foods Ltd is responsible for the packaging of milk powders.Lasco Distributors Ltd is responsible for the local distribution of the ever so poke step to the foreing picture of consumer and pharmaceutical products that has made Lasco a household name in Jamaica. These companies currently run by Lascelles Chin marks the present milestone on an entrepreneurial journey by Lascelles Chin that has stretched for more than forty years, Mr. Chin intends to continue this quest for an new(prenominal) forty years and beyond. His entrepreneurial journey deceaseed in 1961. According to Mr. Chin, he started business with ?175 and was at a great disadvantage as many prominent families were dominating the commercial landscape in Jamaica at the time. He persevered, did his research and learnt as much as he could about manufacturing and distribution practices, importation and various related fields. His policy was to deal candidly with his customers, work very hard and most importantly, avoid spending more than he earned, (Observer 2009). Accordingly this helped him to achieve success.He also realized quite proto(prenominal) in life that the only style to maintain success as a business entrepreneur was by honing his skills, hard work, determination, doggedness, clarity of vision and the baron to see obstacles as challenges, (Observer 2009). After graduating from high school in the 1950s Lascelles Chin worked as a lab technician for a short period to begin with taking up a mull over as a salesman. He d id well, and focused on saving portions of his earnings which he later used to start National Trading Company.This principle of not spending more than you earn or saving as much as you can from your earnings would trammel the stage for his development as an entrepreneur. With this business he sold peas and powdered pepper on a commission grounding. He later became a electrical distributor of Henkel products upon recommendation from a visiting representative. The business did well by targeting furniture manufacturers with the Pattex brand of adhesive. Later, during the 1970s, when stack were leaving Jamaica in droves, Mr. Chin decided to stay and expand his warehouse and factory. Here Mr.Chin demonstrates the strength and resolution to move against the tide and lay foundations for the future when others were packing up and calling it quits. With time the business locomote from Orange Street, downtown Kingston to East Street and then to its current location on Red Hills Road, (Gl eaner 2006). He later went on operate other byplays of business, Kingston Heirlooms, manufacturing and exporting furniture, Datrex Limited, computer supplies and parts, Triple A Car Rental, Zenith Insurance Brokers, Soft Sheen and Exotic Farms Limited to name a few, (Gleaner 2006).It was however the LASCO brand businesses LASCO Foods Limited and LASCO Distributors Limited operated by Mr. Chin from the 1980s which made him and his businesses household names within Jamaica. The motivation behind his businesses.. the unfulfilled needs identified A journey which started with a man selling peas and powered seasoning on a commission basis had now developed into a number of businesses driven by the same man fuelled with a passion to deliver the best value for money to its customers.According to the companys website, Lascelles Chin founded LASCO in 1988 its initial operation included the importation of bulk skimmed milk powder and repackaging of sachets for distribution within the Jamaica n market. Chins intention was to provide a source of milk protein which was affordable for all. Since then Lascelles Chin business has grown from packaging and distributing skim milk to the corporate entity it is today providing a wide range of pharmaceutical, food, household and personal care products to Jamaica the Caribbean, Latin America, North America and England, (LASCO website, 2010).Lascelles Chin apparently influenced by his daily and close interaction with the grass root people on the streets of Kingston during his earlier days as a Salesman, having seen their need for an improved nutritional intake sought to source and deliver products at prices which could be afforded by all. By doing so he has made valuable contribution to the development of the Jamaican gild and its labour force with his delivery of nutrition or alimental products within the reach of the poor and needy.His drive in this area has lead to the pioneering of a number of soy based protein products again w ith an emphasis on nourishing value and affordability. Procurement of resources Lascelles Chin was able to start his first business, National Trading Company with a few pounds, an accumulation of his savings from his job as a lab technician and sales person. Along the way his business grew due to his timely and astute business decisions which included ventures some of which were risky at the time.Some of those businesses have failed due to changes in the Jamaican landscape, for instance Kingston Heirlooms, his furniture business which was a good earner of valuable impertinent swop at the time suffered from changes in brass policies which made conditions difficult for manufacturers. In order to deliver affordable products LASCO has gone to great lengths to source raw materials, consumer and pharmaceutical goods from cost effective sources. LASCO has formed allegiance with major world-wide manufacturers. One of those searches led LASCO to Solae Incorporated, a subsidy of the DuPon t Group.With their help LASCO was able to pioneer its current and maturement range of soy protein isolate products, facilitating the delivery of highly tasty, nutritious products at an incredible low price to consumers across the Caribbean, (LASCO website, 2010). According to LASCOs website, the popularity of their soy based product has made LASCO the Number One customer in the world for soy protein isolate from Solae Incorporated. Additionally, the American Soybean Association has hailed the LASCO Food Drink line as the tastiest soy product in the world. Bolstered by this success, LASCO continues its global search for the most affordable, best quality products and have branded corned rush from Argentina, mackerel from Chile, ketchup from the Eastern Caribbean, and vitamins from an outstanding US supplier, whole milk from Ireland, and Corn Flakes from Germany (LASCO website, 2010).LASCO Distributors has also formed an important strategic alliance with Johnson & Johnson (Jamaica) L imited on April 2, 2001. As a result of that arrangement, LASCO Distributors handles the distribution of all Johnson & Johnson products while LASCO Pharmaceutical Division is esponsible for Lifescan, Contact Lens, and Pharmacy sales. (LASCO website, 2010) According to an interview conducted by Gleaner Lifestyle Editor, Barbara Ellington with Lascelles Chin in 2006 and published in May 2006, a lot of effort is placed in sourcing by the LASCO group. Approximately 50% is purchased locally, 15% within the CARICOM countries and the rest from international firms. According to Mr. Chin in that interview, part of his strategy lies in the fact that he sources well and is not greedy for huge profit margins, this strategy facilitates grownup the customers value for money, considering the poorest in the society at all times.He effectively reaps the benefits of the eventual sales volume by keeping his prices one tenth, one fifth or even half of others, (Gleaner, 2006). Lascelles Chin takes pri de in the LASCO team up who support and execute the corporate strategy on a daily basis in their respective roles. According to the Gleaner Article, May 2006, he indicated that his team is a hard working and dedicated one which operates like a family they are interact well and are willing to go beyond the call of duty. He believes he has some of the best workers in Jamaica. Challenges faced and overcomeThe challenges faced by Lascelles Chin during his entrepreneurial journey have been as varied as each of the over forty years since he started National Trading Company. He has faced numerous challenges with financing, security cost, government regulations, changing technology, and the ever changing Jamaican economic landscape to name a few. According to Mr. Chin in his interview with Barbara Ellington, In the early days, he wanted a line of credit of ?1,000, and the curses would not give it to him. They thought he was crazy, he eventually got it from Scotia bank.His problems with p ilferage downtown forced a movement of his earlier operations from East Street to Red Hills Road. Today his operations on Red Hills Road and those at his expansive distribution whole kit at White Marl Central Village, due to their location in two troubled communities have created high security cost. The LASCO team in a bid to mitigate this cost at these locations takes steps to work with the communities, establish good relationships and avoid breathing out home late.confront with the high manufacturing cost of the 1990s Lascelles.Chin was forced to shut down and bear the losses associated with his furniture and data processing companies. Mr. Chin has however graciously current the philosophy that failure in a business is an opportunity to learn. In his bid to He has fought and loss battles with the government pertaining to government regulations geared towards protect the local milk industry by its imposition of tax levies on powdered milk. LASCO imports a lot of its raw material s and finished products, this creates a demand for foreign currency to service those foreign accounts.In a bid to lessen this strenuous demand compounded by the ever depreciating Jamaican clam LASCO has leverage its business with the inclusion of LASCO Financial services, a licensed cambio and LASCO Remittance Services a Money Gram representative in Jamaica. These two businesses along with LASCO Successors, which manufactures and exports soy-based, products helps to generate the foreign exchange needed by the LASCO Group. Financial Performance and Customers Perception of the business To date LASCO has been doing well.Lead by its founders philosophy of giving back from the profits made, the corporation has made numerous and continuous sponsorships and contributions to various areas of nation building, The National Policeman, Nurse, Teacher and Principal and pill pusher of the Year Awards, are just a few of the many such programmes that LASCO has been associated with over the years. It contributes to various school feeding programmes, school related competitions, it makes donations to various government programmes, mothers and various charities. In return LASCO has gain customer loyalty which keeps the wheels of their business turning.The LASCO brand is currently a household name, synonymous with the provision of healthy nutritious and affordable products and services. According to its website, LASCO is renowned for its quality beverages, cereals, canned meats and sauces, personal care items, household products and pharmaceuticals. The company has pioneered a range of products, which utilizes soy protein and delivers to the consumer a highly nutritious product at an incredible low price. Future Outlook In the earlier operations of his business, Lascelles Chin was supported by is then wife Audrey Chin and other family members at different points along the journey. Today, his eldest daughter holds a senior position in one of the divisions. The LASCO business is a going concern and will remain that way whilst it continues to offer and deliver the kind of products and services that has led to its significant growth over the last two decades. The totality business has grown from offering three products to over an hundred items. Its consumer and pharmaceutical lines continues to grow with the addition of a range of products each year. The LASCO brand now includes the LASURE, LASCARE and LASMED range of products.Its focus is still on the provision of best quality for the consumers money. Steps have been interpreted to expand their warehouse and distribution plant in White Marl. They have also invested heavily in a new information technology system. Their distribution network continues to spread across the Caribbean, Latin and Central America, The UK and Canada. Though it is dogged by constant competition from major players in the respective markets, LASCO continues to carve out a niche for itself by world the low cost, and value for money su pplier of consumer and pharmaceutical products within Jamaica.Conclusion and Opinion of the entrepreneurs journey Lascelles Chin journey has been one that potently demonstrates the power of determination mixed with consistent effort in spite of adverse circumstances. Though he has won numerous awards and worn various polite hats including, The Order of Jamaica, The 2001 Business Leader of the Year, The 1997 Entrepreneur of the Year Award from the Jamaica Institute of Management, The President of the Jamaica Exporters Association and is considered to be one of Jamaicas leading philanthropists, he dust humble in his quest to make Living Affordable for the Jamaican people.He is an inspiration to all he has in no uncertain way demonstrated that much can be gained, even with a small start. His entrepreneurial prowess were not garnered in academia, but were nurtured nonetheless by a quest to understand the business landscape and environment ensuring that he understood clearly what he w as shaping and the factors that would ensure a successful execution of those ventures.He was unsuccessful in some of his ventures but was not deter from his quest to make a valiant contribution to the development of Jamaica. If I were to have taken the journey taken by Lascelles Chin, before I understood his process and his strategy for success, I probably would have stopped from the 1970s and become a part of the massive tide of migrants leaving the island for a better opportunity elsewhere.I believe I have a bit of persistence and perseverance but probably would have been deterred from pursuing ventures geared towards improving the quality of life of the Jamaican society by the negative elements within the same society who would have pilfered by business place. The challenges presented by the lack of effort from the different governments to preserve manufacturing or keep the exchange rate stable or go the measures needed to curb crime and criminality would have probably led to my locking shop and leaving Jamaica.However, based on the lessons learnt from the journey of Lascelles Chin who started out with his savings, made prudent decisions, braved the economic times and conditions, focused on his goal of improving the quality of life of the poor and needy, through various economic, governmental and scientific and social changes, I would take up the mantle of entrepreneurship, having the understanding that success can be achieved, through perseverance, determination, clarity of vision, whilst taking one step at a time, spending less than I earn and treating each failure challenge or obstacle as an opportunity to advance.ReferencesEllington Barbara May 22, 2006, The Monday Interview Lascelles Chin Brand Domination at its Best. Retrieved on June 17, 2010 from http//www. jamaica- gleaner. com/gleaner/20060522/business/business1. hypertext markup language Ellington Barbara May 22, 2006, The Monday Interview Lascelles Chin Brand Domination at its Best. Retrieve d on June 17, 2010 from http//www. jamaica- gleaner. com/gleaner/20060522/business/business1. hypertext markup language Ellington Barbara May 22, 2006, The Monday Interview Lascelles Chin Brand Domination at its Best.Retrieved on June 17, 2010 from http//www. jamaica- gleaner. com/gleaner/20060522/business/business1. html Ellington Barbara May 22, 2006, The Monday Interview Lascelles Chin Brand Domination at its Best. Retrieved on June 17, 2010 from http//www. jamaica- gleaner. com/gleaner/20060522/business/business1. html Kumar, S (June 2003), Transformation A Journey. Retrieved on April 26, 2010 from http//www. caibinc. org/files_custom/3176_2350. df National Commercial Bank Annual Report 2009, Retrieved on May 04, 2010 from http//www. jncb. com/docs/NCB_Annual_Report_2009. pdf http//zenithbrokers. com/about_us. html https//www. jamaicaobserver. com/news/161017_Question-Time Ellington Barbara, The Monday Interview Lascelles Chin Brand domination at its best http//www. jamaica-g leaner. com/gleaner/20060522/business/business1. html http//www. lascojamaica. com/site/company-profile. htm

Twilight 21. PHONE CALL

21. PHONE CALLI could feel it was too early again when I woke, and I knew I was getting the schedule of my days and nights slowly reversed. I lay in my bed and listened to the quiet voices of Alice and Jasper in the other direction. That they were loud enough for me to hear at all was strange. I rolled till my feet stirred the floor and then staggered to the living room.The clock on the TV said it was just after two in the morning. Alice and Jasper were academic session together on the sofa, Alice sketching again while Jasper confronted over her shoulder. They didnt look up when I entered, too engrossed in Alices work.I crept to Jaspers side to peek.Did she propose some function more? I asked him quietly.Yes. Somethings brought him back to the room with the VCR, nevertheless its light now.I watched as Alice drew a square room with dark beams across its low ceiling. The walls were beautify in wood, a comminuted too dark, out of date. The floor had a dark carpet with a patte rn in it. There was a braggy window against the south wall, and an receptiveing through the west wall led to the living room. One side of that entrance was s footmark a large tan stone fireplace that was open to both rooms. The focus of the room from this perspective, the TV and VCR, balanced on a too-small wooden stand, were in the southwest corner of the room. An old sectional sofa curved around in front of the TV, a round coffee table in front of it.The echo goes there, I whispered, pointing. both pairs of eternal eyes stared at me.Thats my mothers house.Alice was already off the couch, phone in hand, dialing. I stared at the precise rendering of my mothers family room. Uncharacteristically, Jasper slid closer to me. He lightly touched his hand to my shoulder, and the physical contact seemed to capture his calming influence stronger. The panic stayed dull, unfocused.Alices lips were trembling with the speed of her words, the low buzzing impossible to decipher. I couldnt c oncentrate.Bella, Alice said. I looked at her numbly.Bella, Edward is coming to get you. He and Emmett and Carlisle are going to take you somewhere, to hide you for a while.Edward is coming? The words were like a life vest, holding my creative thinker above the flood.Yes, hes catching the first flight out of Seattle. Well meet him at the airport, and youll leave with him.But, my mother he came here for my mother, Alice Despite Jasper, the hysteria bubbled up in my voice.Jasper and I exit stay till shes safe.I ignoret win, Alice. You plundert guard e very(prenominal)one I know forever. Dont you see what hes doing? Hes not tracking me at all. Hell find psyche, hell hurt someone I love Alice, I cant -Well catch him, Bella, she assured me.And what if you get hurt, Alice? Do you think thats okay with me? Do you think its unless my human family he can hurt me with?Alice looked meaningfully at Jasper. A deep, heavy fog of lethargy aftermathed over me, and my eyes closed without my p ermission. My mind struggled against the fog, realizing what was happening. I forced my eyes open and stood up, stepping away from Jaspers hand.I dont want to go back to sleep, I snapped.I walked to my room and shut the door, slammed it really, so I could be free to go to pieces privately. This duration Alice didnt follow me. For three and a half hours I stared at the wall, curled in a ball, rocking. My mind went around in circles, trying to come up with some way out of this nightmare. There was no escape, no reprieve. I could see provided one possible end looming darkly in my future. The only question was how many other people would be hurt before I reached it.The only solace, the only hope I had left, was knowing that I would see Edward soon. Maybe, if I could just see his face again, I would also be able to see the solution that eluded me now.When the phone rang, I returned to the front room, a little ashamed of my behavior. I hoped I hadnt offended either of them, that they wo uld know how grateful I was for the sacrifices they were making on my account.Alice was talking as rapidly as ever, but what caught my attention was that, for the first time, Jasper was not in the room. I looked at the clock it was five-thirty in the morning.Theyre just boarding their plane, Alice told me. Theyll land at nine-forty-five. just now a hardly a(prenominal) more hours to keep breathing till he was here.Wheres Jasper?He went to check out.You arent staying here?No, were relocating closer to your mothers house.My stomach twisted uneasily at her words.But the phone rang again, distracting me. She looked surprised, but I was already walking forward, reaching hopefully for the phone.Hello? Alice asked. No, shes right here. She held the phone out to me. Your mother, she mouthed.Hello?Bella? Bella? It was my mothers voice, in a familiar tone I had heard a thousand times in my childhood, anytime Id gotten too close to the edge of the sidewalk or strayed out of her sight in a c rowded place. It was the sound of panic.I sighed. Id been expecting this, though Id tried to make my message as unalarming as possible without lessening the urgency of it.Calm down, Mom, I said in my most soothing voice, walking slowly away from Alice. I wasnt sure if I could lie as convincingly with her eyes on me. Everything is fine, okay? Just give me a minute and Ill explain everything, I promise.I paused, surprised that she hadnt interrupted me yet.Mom?Be very careful not to say anything until I tell you to. The voice I heard now was as unfamiliar as it was unexpected. It was a mans tenor voice, a very pleasant, generic wine voice the kind of voice that you heard in the background of luxury car commercials. He spoke very quickly.Now, I dont need to hurt your mother, so please do exactly as I say, and shell be fine. He paused for a minute while I listened in mute horror. Thats very good, he congratulated. Now repeat after me, and do try to sound natural. Please say, No, Mom, s tay where you are.No, Mom, stay where you are. My voice was barely more than a whisper.I can see this is going to be difficult. The voice was amused, still light and friendly. Why dont you walk into another room now so your face doesnt ruin everything? Theres no reason for your mother to suffer. As youre walking, please say, Mom, please listen to me. Say it now.Mom, please listen to me, my voice pleaded. I walked very slowly to the bedroom, feeling Alices demented stare on my back. I shut the door behind me, trying to think clearly through the terror that gripped my brain.There now, are you alone? Just answer yes or no.Yes.But they can still hear you, Im sure.Yes.All right, then, the agreeable voice continued, say, Mom, trust me.Mom, trust me.This worked out rather founder than I expected. I was prepared to wait, but your mother arrived ahead of schedule. Its easier this way, isnt it? Less suspense, less anxiety for you.I waited.Now I want you to listen very carefully. Im going to need you to get away from your friends do you think you can do that? issue yes or no.No.Im sorry to hear that. I was hoping you would be a little more creative than that. Do you think you could get away from them if your mothers life depended on it? Answer yes or no.Somehow, there had to be a way. I remembered that we were going to the airport. Sky Harbor International Airport crowded, confusingly laid outYes.Thats better. Im sure it wont be easy, but if I get the slightesthint that you have any company, well, that would be very bad for your mother, the friendly voice promised. You must know enough about us by now to realize how quickly I would know if you tried to bring anyone along with you. And how little time I would need to deal with your mother if that was the case. Do you understand? Answer yes or no.Yes. My voice broke.Very good, Bella. Now this is what you have to do. I want you to go to your mothers house. Next to the phone there willing be a number. Call it, and Ill te ll you where to go from there. I already knew where I would go, and where this would end. But I would follow his instructions exactly. Can you do that? Answer yes or no.Yes.Before noon, please, Bella. I havent got all day, he said politely.Wheres Phil? I asked tersely.Ah, be careful now, Bella. Wait until I ask you to speak, please.I waited.Its important, now, that you dont make your friends suspicious when you go back to them. Tell them that your mother called, and that you talked her out of coming home for the time being. Now repeat after me, thank you, Mom. Say it now.Thank you, Mom. The tears were coming. I tried to fight them back.Say, I love you, Mom, Ill see you soon. Say it now.I love you, Mom. My voice was thick. Ill see you soon, I promised.Goodbye, Bella. I look forward to seeing you again. He hung up.I held the phone to my ear. My joints were frozen with terror I couldnt unbend my fingers to drop it.I knew I had to think, but my head was modify with the sound of my mot hers panic. Seconds ticked by while I fought for control.Slowly, slowly, my thoughts started to break past that brick wall of pain. To plan. For I had no choices now but one to go to the mirrored room and die. I had no guarantees, nothing to give to keep my mother alive. I could only hope that James would be satisfied with winning the game, that beating Edward would be enough. Despair gripped me there was no way to bargain, nothing I could offer or withhold that could influence him. But I still had no choice. I had to try.I pushed the terror back as well as I could. My decision was made. It did no good to waste time agonizing over the outcome. I had to think clearly, because Alice and Jasper were waiting for me, and evading them was absolutely essential, and absolutely impossible.I was suddenly grateful that Jasper was gone. If he had been here to feel my anguish in the last five minutes, how could I have kept them from being suspicious? I choked back the dread, the anxiety, tried t o stifle it. I couldnt afford it now. I didnt know when he would return.I concentrated on my escape. I had to hope that my familiarity with the airport would turn the odds in my favor. Somehow, I had to keep Alice awayI knew Alice was in the other room waiting for me, curious. But I had to deal with one more thing in private, before Jasper was back.I had to accept that I wouldnt see Edward again, not even off one last glimpse of his face to carry with me to the mirror room. I was going to hurt him, and I couldnt say goodbye. I let the waves of torture wash over me, have their way for a time. Then I pushed them back, too, andwent to face Alice.The only expression I could manage was a dull, dead look. I saw her alarm and I didnt wait for her to ask. I had just one script and Id never manage improvisation now.My mom was worried, she wanted to come home. But its okay, I convinced her to stay away. My voice was lifeless.Well make sure shes fine, Bella, dont worry.I turned away I couldn t let her see my face.My eye fell on a blank page of the hotel stationery on the desk. I went to it slowly, a plan forming. There was an envelope there, too. That was good.Alice, I asked slowly, without turning, keeping my voice level. If I write a letter for my mother, would you give it to her? Leave it at the house, I mean.Sure, Bella. Her voice was careful. She could see me coming apart at the seams. I had to keep my emotions under better control.I went into the bedroom again, and knelt next to the little bedside table to write.Edward, I wrote. My hand was shaking, the letters were hardly legible.I love you. I am so sorry. He has my mom, and I have to try. I know it may not work. I am so very, very sorry.Dont be angry with Alice and Jasper. If I get away from them it will be a miracle. Tell them thank you for me. Alice especially, please.And please, please, dont come after him. Thats what he wants. I think. I cant bear it if anyone has to be hurt because of me, especially you. Pl ease, this is the only thing I can ask you now. For me.I love you. Forgive me.BellaI folded the letter carefully, and sealed it in the envelope. Eventually he would find it. I only hoped he would understand, and listen to me just this once.And then I carefully sealed away my heart.

Organisational Behaviour Report Essay

divergence is not confined at the individual level al matchless but is manifesting itself more than and more in organizations. Employees dupe become more vociferous in their demands for a better deal. Various departments in an organization face a situation full of betrothals out-of-pocket to a number of reasons like goal diversity, scarcity of resources or task interdependence etc. Conflict Dysfunctional Conflict keister take an interpersonal form. Conflict mingled with individuals takes place owing to several factors, but most common atomic number 18 personal dislikes or personality differences.When there are only differences of belief between individuals about task-related matters, it can be construed as technical conflict rather than interpersonal conflict. Technical and interpersonal conflicts may influence distributively some other due to role-related pressures. One may put the blame for low sales volume on the production manager not meeting his production inscripti on and may start disliking the production manager as an incompetent person. It is often genuinely difficult to establish whether a conflict between two parties is due to manifest rational factors, or it emanates from hidden personal factors.Conflict Functional These types of intragroup conflicts arise frequently due to an individuals inability to adapt to the group averages . Most groups have an idea of a fair days work and may pressurize an individual if he exceeds or travel short of the groups productivity norms. If the individual resents any such pressure or punishment, he could come into conflict with other group members. Usually, it is very difficult for an individual to remain a group-member and at the similar time, substantially deviate from the group norm. So, in most cases, either he conforms to the group norm or is rejected by the group.Of course, before taking any such extreme step, he or the other group members try to influence each other through several mechanisms l eading to different episodes of conflict. Analysis A lot of conflict is generated within organizations because various groups within the organization hold irrelevant values and perceive situations in a narrow, individualistic manner. An example that comes readily to mind is that of the managment-labour conflict. Labor feels that care is exploiting it because in spite of making a profit, management does nothing for the economic welfare of labor.On the other hand, management feels that the profits should go to cash reserves so as to make the company an lovely proposition for investors. Another example is the conflict between engineering and manufacturing. Engineering lays stress on technological sophistication and precision and is accused by manufacturing of scheming products that will last for many years but that the customers cannot open up. It is maintained that since an organization is composed of individual and they had different perceptions of goals and dithering values, co nflict is bound to arise in the organization.Managers of various departments have separate priorities and conflicting ideas about resource allocation. Hence conflict is the unavoidable outcome. Subordinates may clash with the manager over whether the work can be accomplished in the given period of time or not. They might even argue with subordinates at their own level over the scoop up possible way to do a given job. Thus conflict is an unavoidable outcome but at the same time it is assumed that conflict need not always be detrimental. Under some circumstances it could focus on problems and instigate a search for better and more modernistic solutions to problems.Though conflict can lead to more creativity in problem solving and be beneficial to organization under legitimate conditions, provided it is perceived that conflict as harmful something to be resolved once it arise. The views about human nature are that people are essentially high-priced trust, cooperation and goodness are given in human nature. Accordingly, the major antecedent conditions which induce aggressiveness and conflict in people are the faulty policies and building resulting in distortion and breakdown in communication.Hence the managers role in resolving conflict is to restore understanding, trust and openness between parties. It is not easy to build a satisfying corporate culture in any organization. A strong culture is based on strong ethics. This is very important for the success of the organization in the long-run. It is very easy to adopt short-cut methods to reach the top but the downfall also comes at the same rate. Ethics ensure that the organization does not adopt short-cut methods to achieve success instead it stresses on the concept of sustained success.Every organization has its own work out of ethics and standards in a written form. The code of ethics normally contains the following points Honesty Fairness in practices of the companyDisclosing the inside information getting and using outside informationDisclosure of outside activities by the employer to the employee Each organization has its own set of code of ethics. Making negotiations has been identified as one of the primary responsibilities of any manager. negotiations may involve allocating resources, investing capital or introducing new products.If resources like men, money, machines, materials, time and space were abundant, clearly any planning would be unnecessary. But, typically, resources are scarce and so there is a need for planning. Negotiation making is at the core of all planned activities. We can ill afford to waste scarce resources by making too many wrong negotiations or by remaining indecisive for too long a time, Negotiation making under risk A negotiation is made under conditions of risk when a single action may result in more than one potential outcome, but the relative chance of each outcome is known.Negotiations under conditions of risk are perhaps the most common. In such situations, alternatives are recognized, but their resulting consequences are probabilistic and doubtful. While the alternatives are clear, the consequence is probabilistic and doubtful. Thus, a condition of risk may be said to exist. In practice, managers survey the likelihood of various outcomes occurring based on past experience, research, and other information. A quality control inspector, for example, might determine the probability of number of rejects per production run.Likewise, a safety engineer might determine the probability of number of accidents occurring, or a personnel manager might determine the probability of a certain turnover or absenteeism rate. Negotiation making under dubiousness A negotiation is made under conditions of uncertainty when a single action may result in more than one potential outcome but the relative probability of each outcome is unknown. Negotiations under conditions of uncertainty are unimpeachably the most difficult. In such situatio ns a manager has no knowledge whatsoever on which to estimate the likely occurrence of various alternatives.Negotiations under uncertainty generally occur in cases where no historical data are available from which to infer probabilities or in instances which are so novel and tortuous that it is impossible to make comparative judgments. Negotiations under complete uncertainty are as difficult to cite as example of decisions under absolute certainty. minded(p) even limited experience and the ability to generalize from past situations, most managers should be able to make at least some estimate of the probability of occurrence of various outcome.Nevertheless, there are undoubtedly times when managers feel they are dealing with complete uncertainty. The number of factors to be considered and the large number of mutinous variables vital to the success of such a venture can be mind-boggling On a personal level, the selection of a job from among alternatives is a career decision that in corporates a great deal of uncertainty. The number of factors to be weighed and evaluated, often without comparable standards, can be overwhelming.

Notes Receivables

NOTES RECEIVABLE * Represents claims for which formal peckers of credit are issued as evidence of debt, such as promissory note. The credit instrument normally requires the debtor to pay interest and extends for time periods of 30 days or longer. banknotes dues are considered current asset if they are to be paid indoors 1 year and non- current if they are expected to be paid after one year. NEGOTIABLE PROMISSORY NOTES * Unconditional promise in pen made by one person to another, signed by the maker, engaging to pay in demand or at the fixed determinable rising time a sum certain in money to order or to bearer.An entity owned a tract of land costing P 800,000 and exchange the land for P1,000,000. On January 1, 2011 the entity received a 1- year note for 1,000,000 plus interest of 12% compounded annually. Journal Entry First year Note receivable1,000,000 Land800,000 Gain on sale of land200,000 DISHONORED NOTES * Promissory note matures and is not paid. * When the maker of a not e fails to pay on the due date, the note receivable is considered to be dishonored. A dishonored note is no longer negotiable. Journal Entry 2012 Jan. 1 Accounts receivable1,120,000 Notes receivable 1,000,000 matter to income 120,000 INITIAL MEASUREMENT * Conceptually, notes receivable shall be calculated initially at PRESENT VALUE. * However, SHORT TERM NOTES are measured at FACE VALUE. * The initial measurements of LONG TERM NOTES will depend on whether the notes are INTEREST- passenger car or NONINTEREST- BEARING. INTEREST- BEARING LONG TERM NOTES are measured at FACE VALUE which is actually the present treasure upon issuance. NONINTEREST- BEARING LONG TERM NOTES are measured at PRESENT VALUE which is the discounted value of the future cash flow using the effective interest rate. resultant MEASUREMENTAmortized Cost * the amount at which the note receivable is measured initially minus principal repayment, plus or minus the cumulative amortization of every difference between t he initial carrying amount and the principal maturity amount minus reduction for impairment or uncollectibility. For long-term noninterest-bearing notes Amortized Cost = present value + amortization of the discount Or Amortized Cost = face value unamortized unearned interest income Accordingly, only long-term notes receivable will be discussed in conjunction with the present value concept under the following situations . interest-bearing note b. noninterest bearing note Problem 7-2 FATHOM COMPANY (INTEREST- BEARING NOTE) 2011 Jan. 1Cash1,000,000 Notes Receivable6,000,000 Land5,000,000 Gain on sale of land2,000,000 Dec. 31 Accrued Interest Receivable720,000 Interest Income720,000 (6,000,000 x 12%) 2012 Dec 31 Accrued Interest Receivable806,400 Interest Income806,400 6,000,000 + 720,000 = 6,720,000 * 12% 806,400 2013 Jan. 1Cash7,526,400 Notes Receivable6,000,000 Accrued Interest Receivable? 1,526,400 Accrued interest receivable? 2011 720,000 2012 806,400 1,526,400 P roblem 7-3 BUG COMPANY (NONINTEREST- BEARING NOTE 1) 2010 Jan. 1Note receivable600,000 Sales540,000 unearned interest income 60,000 DATE NOTES RECEIVABLE BALANCE fragment INTEREST INCOME Dec. 31, 2010 600,000 1/2 30,000 Dec. 31, 2011 400,000 1/3 20,000 Dec. 31, 2012 200,000 1/6 10,000 1,200,00 Dec. 31Cash200,000 Notes receivable200,000 unearned interest income30,000 Interest income30,000 2011 Dec. 31Cash200,000Notes receivable200,000 honorary interest income20,000 Interest income20,000 2012 Dec. 31Cash200,000 Note receivable200,000 Unearned interest income10,000 Interest income10,000 PROBLEM 7-4 IMPRESS COMPANY (NONINTEREST- BEARING NOTE 2) 2010 Jan. 1Cash100,000 Note receivable900,000 Sale? 820,540 Unearned interest income? 179,460 Face value900,000 Present value (300,000*2. 4018)720540 Unearned interest income? 179,460 Present value720,540 Cash received100,000 Sales price? 820,540DATE ANNUAL COLLECTION INTEREST INCOME PRINCIPAL CARRYING AMOUNT Jan. 1, 2010 720,540 Dec. 31,2010 300,000 86,465 213,535 507,005 Dec. 31,2011 300,000 60,841 239,159 267,846 Dec. 31,2012 300,000 32,154 267,846 ? Dec. 31Cash300,000 Unearned interest income 86,465 Note receivable300,000 Interest income 86,465 2011 Dec. 31Cash300,000 Unearned interest income 60,841 Note receivable300,000 Interest income 60,841 2012 Dec. 31Cash300,000 Unearned interest income 32,154 Note receivable300,000 Interest income 32,154

Financial crisis Essay

The original financial crisis that has caused world economic slowdown is forcing government agencies and financial market to re-think on their practices in order to avoid any possible future occurrence of the same. The financial crisis modify regulators and financial market as well and this reason why regulative agencies are calling for strict supervision of financial markets (Bernanke). Impacts on regulationOne of the regulators in the financial market is the federal official Reserve responsible for create procedures used to supervise the markets. The current financial turmoil has forced the Federal Reserve to re- aspect at its supervision and macro-prudential orientation to financial oversight (Bernanke). The financial crisis has similarly led to the development of new-sprung(prenominal) tools by regulators e. g. the Federal Reserve Term Auction facility that can be used to tackle the financial crisis. Federal Reserve and other financial markets supervisors e. g.Financial St ability Board, Presidents Working Group on financial market and Senior Supervisors Groups halt realized the importance of collaboration as well as international corporation so as to learn from other experiences abroad to gauge the performance of US institutions (Bernanke). There have been concerted efforts to ensure prudential supervision and consumer protection so as to avert future crises. Regulators have also emphasized on increased alertness to ensure that the set standard are met. Regulators e. g. the Federal Reserve have been forced to improve on their internal procedure e.g. on communication of discipline in order to establish priority areas that need supervision and analyze emerging trends in the financial markets. Continuous supervision has also become an weighty aspect of consumer complaisance to ensure enhance monitoring of largest banks (Bernanke). Impacts on financial system Clearly one of the biggest ways in which the financial market has been affected by the cris is is on the aspect of supervision. The regulatory agencies like the Federal Reserve has been forced to re-evaluate how they supervise the financial markets.The effects of this is that the financial market is able to ferment according to the set standard thus minimize the recurrence of a crisis like this in the future. The financial crisis was also affected the products introduced by financial institutions. The regulators film that companies evaluate the possible unintended consequences of the products that they introduce to the market. The way companies compensate its management and employees is another factor that is under scrutiny by the regulators. Compensation and bonuses awarded to employees should be in line with the recollective term objectives of the company.The corporate governance and risk management is the factor that companies are required to consider in order to ensure long term survival of these institutions. Improved regulation The key to avoiding future financial crisis is by enhancing regulation within the financial sector. This includes expanding the capacity of the existing regulatory and ensuring compliance of the set standard of operations (Bernanke). One of the way in which regulation can help improve the financial sector is in the area of new product introduction. Companies should be able to analyze the potential effects of new product they introduce into the market (Bernanke).Management of risk is the other aspect that companies should look into. Companies need to develop risk management techniques that ensure their long term survival. Apart from managing these risks, companies should have capabilities of identifying risk facing them. Regulation on capital and liquidness is one of the key elements in financial sector. Companies are required to be adequately capitalized in order to fund their operations well. It is no secret that the current crisis was precipitated by lack of liquidity in the market. ConclusionIt is clear from the c urrent financial crisis that to ensure sound financial market, improved regulation and prudent financial operations on the part of companies is important. Companies are required to maintain adequate liquidity, capital and institute risk identification and management tools. On the other distribute regulators should increase on supervision to ensure adherence to set standards (Bernanke). Works cited Bernanke, Ben S. Federal Reserve. 9th May 2009. 26th May 2009 .

Doctor of Philosophy in Naturology Essay

Iridology is the scientific digest of patterns and expressions in the pin of the eye, which locates theater of operationss, and stages of inflammation throughout the automobile trunk. The iris is the portion of the eye showing color. It reveals body constitution, inherent strengths and weaknesses, health levels, and transitions that take place in a persons body according to their way of life. HOW DID IT ORIGINATE? In the 1800s, a modern boy, Ignatz Von Peczely, happened to catch an owl in his garden. The boy clearly saw a black line move in the owls eye after accident all toldy breaking its leg during the struggle.He unplowed the bird until it had regained its health and then observed the appearance of crocked white lines across the black field of view in the owls eye. Von Peczely later became a physician and had the opportunity to study the irises of many patients. He grew certain that there existed a reflex action relationship between tissue changes in the body and iris mar kings and developed the first iris chart, which has been continually researched and revised oer the years. HOW DOES IT WORK? The complex iris is peaceful of hundreds of thousands of nerve endings, which be connected by impulses to any tissue of the body through the brain and vile system.The nerve fibers, or trabecula, respond ad hocally to tissue and organ conditions with a corresponding physiological reflex manifested in the iris as lesions and color variations. The iris chart, which is the result of many years of clinical watching and intensive research by Dr. Bernard Jensen and others, represents the basic placement of body organs and tissues similar to a map. An spotless iris analysis is possible by superimposing the chart over an iris image projection, allowing detailed card of the valuable and reliable data recorded there.WHAT WILL IT SHOW? A complete iris analysis bequeath show whether a person exhibits a generally good constitution or a poor one, depending upon the d ensity of the iris fibers, the patterns, structures, colors and degrees of lightness and darkness in the iris tell if an area of the body is inherently strong or weak. It also reveals the relative site of over-activity, irritation, injury or corruption of the tissues and organs. Toxic accumulation levels can he observed as well as nutritional and chemical imbalances. WHAT WILL IT NOT SHOW?Iridology will not show or name a specific disease but provides information about the body tissues, which indicate tendencies toward conditions of disease, often before symptoms appear. Iridology will not reveal surgery performed under anesthesia as nerve impulses are discontinued. Iridology cannot locate parasites, gallstones, or germ life, but will indicate the presence of inflammation and toxic conditions, which are a stamping ground for their development. It will not show pregnancy, as that is a normal function of the female body HOW green goddess IT HELP ME?Iridology is potentially an inte gral let out of preventive health care. It has the ability to forewarn of approaching difficulties or signs of disease. Iridology can be a powerful tool, allowing one to determine what is transpiring inside the body from a simple, painless, and economical external vantage point. In effect, iridology will reveal how well your body functions. wrong(p) nutrition and lack of exercise undermines the bodys integrity until eventually it becomes unable to reverse prejudicial toxic conditions through its own natural self-healing mechanisms, becoming susceptible to ailments of a chronic nature.Therefore, nutrition and iridology are inseparable in ones pursuit of a healthy way of life and holistic health care program. Iridology helps us understand our weakness so we may strengthen and cleanse our bodies to confine our maximum health potential. It brings to us an awareness of how to prevent illness, thus allowing us to earn our most remarkable earthly treasurevibrant physical, mental and s piritual health Methodology Definition of Iridology According to health check Dictionary, Iridology is the practice of diagnosing disease by examining the iris of the eye.Although some diseases do affect the eye, iridology is not considered scientific medicine. What is Iridology or Iris Analysis? Iridology is the study of the iris of the eye. Iri and iris come from the Greek name of the goddess of the rainbow, Iris. The Greeks noteworthy eyes come in many, many colors. And logy also comes from the Greek, meaning study of. Literally translated, iridology instrument the study of the coloration of the eye. The iris reveals changing conditions of every part and organ of the body. Every organ and part of the body is represented in the iris in a well-defined area.In addition, through diverse marks, signs, and discoloration in the iris, nature reveals inherited weaknesses and strengths. By means of this art / science, an iridologist (one who studies the coloration and fiber structure o f the eye) can tell an individual his/her inherited and acquired tendencies towards health and disease, his current condition in general, and the state of every organ in particular. Iridology cannot detect a specific disease, but, can tell an individual if they have over or under activity in specific areas of the body.For example, an under-active pancreas might indicate a diabetic condition. What is Iridology all about? The eyeball is normally defined as a globe or sphere, but it is egg-shaped and not circular. It is approximately 2. 5cm in diameter, transparent in front. It has three layers (1) Inner nervous layer (2) Middle, vascular, and, (3) out fibrous, the layer that supports The choroids or middle vascular coat contains the blood vessels. This vascular coat forms the iris with a central opening known as pupil.The color of the eye is given by the pigmented layer shadower the iris. This pigmented layer is largely responsible for the color of eyes that we recognize mainly as blue, brown, gray or mixed . The word iris is derived from Greek root, which means, halo or rainbow. It is believed that iris is associated with rainbow because of its colors. According to Dorlands Illustrated medical Dictionary, Iridology can be defined as the study of the iris, particularly of its color, markings, changes etc, as associated with disease

Manager And Leader Essay

Serious political and economical changes, which we experience during the last 10 years, submitd not only psychology of a man, but basic tendencies of development in economical system as well. As a result of those changes, modern educational system moldiness prepare motorbuss, who give be effective in any enterprise. But the good manager should be a good attracter, shouldnt he? Is it really a big difference to be a manager and to be a leader?First of all, manager is a person, who has legal power and ordinarily regulates sphere of business relations, whereas leader more often is informal person, who is the most influential individual in the sphere of emotional relations inside group. Leader can be the manager, but not always. A good manager should be a good leader (Stever Robbins, p.1).To be a manager, you need to start special skills, abilities and qualities. When you are a manager, you arent only a person, receiving tasks but you are a person, who should influence separate peo ple and groups of people as well, stimulating them to work to achieve definite aim. He should flake effectively, he should be a leader. Still, leader is a member of some group, who possesses the most valuable potential, which gives to him jumper lead position in this group. First of all effective manager must show his qualities of leader.When manager becomes a leader, he executes his managerial functions (planning, organization, motivation, control, etc) through the prism of informal leader. Leadership is the most significant component of managers activity, which relates to ability to motivate and influence behavior of some definite workers and working team as a whole. Skills of communication and personal qualities of manager, corresponding to external and internal demands of group, can be the instruments of such influence. be a manager means using more formal way of organizing people, whereas being a leader means having more emotional approach of influence (The Difference, p.1). When manager gives orders, people obey to him (because he has legal authority), whereas leader in the group unites people (they follow him or his ideas by their own will and choice). Usually people are more loyal to leader, because he is more emotional.Works Cited1. The Difference amongst Management And Leadership online http//www.see.ed.ac.uk/gerard/MENG/ME96/Documents/Intro/leader.html2. Stever Robbins, The Difference Between Managing and Leading. Understanding people will help you unclutter the shift from managing to leading a business. November 18, 2002 online http//www.entrepreneur.com/article/0,4621,304743,00.html

Tricia Smith Vaughan’s “Not Homeschooling? What’s Your Excuse?” a Critical Response

Should world, or political relation, school day be avoided? In the essay No Home-schooling Vaughn Argues that Homeschooling is the best schooling for sisterren and that writeities schooling should be avoided. Parents put forth the excuse that they are non smart enough to con their children. Parents believe that government schooling teaches their children both academics and socialism. The government schools are not teaching your child Judeo-Christian value they are going to teach him or her how to survive in a group world schooling in the United States is set up to dumb children down.Homeschooling provides one on one care to a child, and so they do not have to fight for attention from a teacher in governmental schooling. Public schooling is being used as propaganda changing the way your child whitethorn think whereas homeschooling provides your child the opportunity for a parent to teach the values of true freedom and individuality. Children pauperization to be tried and tr ue for their values instead of their knowledge and this simply cannot be done in government schooling.Homeschooling is not for every child, some students take heed better in a group environment where they learn the social skills necessary to succeed academic everyy. Just because one thing is good for a certain child does not mean it is beneficial to an other. All children have different learning styles specific to their personality. Some children indigence one-on-one attention to be able to comprehend academics to the best of their ability, and other students can learn in a group. It all depends on the child which education is best for them. Learn how your children are being tested for their values instead of their knowledge. (p647) Government schooling is secular thus there is no values of Christianity, and what about clandestine schooling, or private Christian schooling? There are many other options for your child to obtain a great education. Different schools teach different v alues depending on the categorisation of the education, and you have to choose which is best for your childs learning behavior. In private schooling children ordinarily have smaller class sizes which allow for one-on-one attention.Government schooling gives a better education than private schooling and homeschooling to the funding heard and the children who want to learn. I think sometimes children that are homeschool or receive a private school education take their education for granted because they have opportunities that children in public school whitethorn not receive. In private schools children are taught values of Christianity and academics. In public schooling children are taught values of social survival and how to outsmart a classmate.Socialism is always beneficial for a child, just now it is how a child is taught the morals of socialization at a young age. I find that the author has a very biased opinion on Homeschooling. She uses her own child as an example on how ho meschooling is best for every child. What the author fails to explain is that government schools are different all over the country. It depends on where the child lives, and how the state government is working to improve the education. The values a child is learning whether it is in any school private, public, or home they are learning the skills and values necessary to function socially in the world.Education is different for every child it all depends on their learning style. Children will be taught the values and skills necessary to socialize in the world through any kind of education. The government may not teach Christian values, but those can be taught out of school. Government schools are different all over the country it just depends on where you live that would provide a good education or not. Children just have to find out where they learn best and then they are going to thrive, and it may not be homeschooling but a government school.

Biological Theory of Aging

Biological Theory of Aging Tick tock, tick tock, whats that sound? According to this theory, its your biological quantify, go away at a predetermined rate. This theory says that DNA, the prison cells genetic material, holds the key to your planned demise from daytime unitary. While this aging theory appears fatalistic on the surface, remember that biology is not destiny. You cant change your genes, yet you can slow the march of time with better eating habits and regular exercise. Your body green groceriess hormones that help settle myriad functions, including growth and behavior, reproduction, and immune function.In your youth, hormone production is high, but as you get older, hormone levels project off, causing declines in the bodys ability to repair itself and to keep functioning in top form. Working cells produce waste. Over time, cells hurl more waste than they can possibly get rid of, which may fiddle havoc on their ability to function and slowly lead to their death . Lipofuscion, or age pigment, is one of the waste products found primarily in some nerve and heart-muscle cells. Lipofuscin binds fat and proteins together in the cells.It accumulates all over time and may interfere with cell function. The protein collagen is at the heart of this theory. Collagen, akin to the bodys glue, is one of the most parkland proteins making up the skin, bones, ligaments, and tendons. When were young, collagen is pliable. But with age, collagen becomes more rigid, and it shrinks. Thats why your skin is less elastic than before (Alston, 2008). esthetics aside, cross-linking may block the transport of nutrients into cells as well as obstruct waste-product removal.Free radicals atomic number 18 destructive marauders wander your body, ready to pounce on healthy cells. They are produced as part of the millions of chemical reactions your body performs to oblige life (Ward, 2012). Your body also makes them in response to environmental toxins such as excessive amo unts of unshielded sunlight and smoking. Free radicals oxidize your cells (think rusting metal). As unbalanced, volatile oxygen molecules, they sacrifice healthy cells to make themselves more stable. Free radicals deflower or alter DNA, the cells genetic blueprint, and disrupt many other cell functions.Free radicals may kill cells as a result of their marauding, or they may give rise to pas seul cells that can lead to chronic conditions including cancer and heart disease. Fortunately, the body maintains a sophisticated defense transcription against free radicals. Unfortunately, our defenses wane with time, and cell damage ensues (Ward, 2012). This theory could also be called The Use It and Lose It Theory. The radical is that use, and overuse, of your organs pushes them to the brink of destruction.A poor diet, too much alcohol and cigarette smoking are horizon to accelerate natural wear and tear. With age, the body is less able to repair itself. How does wear and tear die? Fre e radicals, which inflict cellular damage, may be culpable. Similar to the wear and tear idea, this theory says you are born with a certain amount of energy. If you live fast, you die young, because you use up your energy militia sooner. Laid-back people, who suffer from less stress and take life easier, would live longer should this theory ascend correct (Ward 2012).A strong immune system is your bodys most important defense against germs and toxins. White cells engulf and destroy potential pests such as bacteria and viruses. And they manufacture antibodies, the soldiers that patrol the bloodstream, attacking and disarming any core they dont recognize as the bodys own. Problem is, the immune system becomes less efficient with time, and fewer antibodies are produced, increase your infection risk. Whats more, the body may turn on itself by producing antibodies that destroy its own tissue.When that happens, autoimmune disease, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, is the result ( Alston, 2008). Although we still do not completely understand the process of aging, we do know quite a lot about it. Sometimes it may be time for the clock to just get new batteries or perhaps the clock has stood the test time and became an antique. Bibliography Alston, Maude H. Basic Gerontology. Windows CD Version 3. 0 2008 Ward ,Liz. Discovery Fit and Health. What is Causing Aging? Discovery Communications. 2012.

Gender Discrimination in the Workplace

favouritism Against Women in the piece of work Unfair treatment of women has been prevalent throughout time. Although there restrain been many movements to attempt to terminate this tendency, it is silent ubiquitous in todays society. turn on favouritism in the workplace occurs when women atomic number 18 handle differently because of their gender. Many f be activeors influence employers and coworkers to display prejudice against women. Gender bias in the workplace is an inequitable coiffure that results in lower payment, disrespect, and an overall bad occupation experience for victims.Gender variety is not ineluctably a new issue, only it remains to be a major struggle despite the attempts that have been made to stop it through legal manners. In a report by The Institute for Womens Policy Researchs Ariane Hegewisch, Cynthia Deitch, and Evelyn Murphy, the results of these attempts are summarized on both simple and complex levels. The 1964 Civil Rights locomote prohibits em ployers from discriminating in their employment practices on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.Although Title VII outlaw employment discrimination, it did not require specific actions to achieve this objective. Because the Act lacks such a critical detail, employers are able to avoid obeying it very easily. Laws besides the Civil Rights Act have been put into place in order to reduce unjust treatment in the workplace. For example, in 1963 the adequate kick in Act was passed. This act was supposed to end the practice of paying men more than women when performing the same jobs and duties. Despite these protections, many women save feel gender biased discrimination is a problem (Gluck).The effects of both the Equal Pay Act and the Civil Rights Act have on the face of it been minimal, seeing as women are still very much looked down upon in the workplace. One of the most direct effects of sex discrimination in the workplace is the stereotyping that occurs. The mass overrepresentation of men in senior management positions is a sub-result of discrimination (Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment). The favoring of the selection of men over women for promotions has had a dramatic effect in the workplace over time. Stereotypical views regarding gender can cause supervisors to engage in the llegal practice of pass a person over for promotion repayable to gender. Supervisors most often pass over women due to preconceived notions about their roles and abilities (Gluck). Stereotypes about women come not only from their under representation in the workplace, but from preconceived notions about their family roles. Even If a woman is hired without being asked about her family responsibilities, once she takes the position, her chief can view her employee file to see that she has young children and then will be able to build her less responsibility or assign menial tasks to her that do not fit her job description.Although illegal, this pract ice still exists in offices today (Gluck). Once again, employers ignore the laws put in place to stop discrimination because of stereotyping. The only way gender bias will disappear is if stereotypes disappear as well. One of the reasons inner discrimination is so prevalent today is that sexual harassment has conk out so accepted in society and in places of employment. Women have long been exposed to workplace harassment which involves conduct of a sexual nature or is premised on the sex of the victim (McCann).Because of the wide range of behaviors that are considered sexual harassment, it is concentrated to identify some action as harassment, which means rules against it are easy to ignore. Sexual harassment has ineffable effects on the morale of victims. A loss of motivation necessary to perform their jobs effectively is ace of the most notable results of bias (Gluck). Offensive jokes of a suggestive or sexual nature and jokes implying that an employees work is sub-par due t o her gender are one of the major causes for the loss of motivation that victims experience.Sexual discrimination is obviously an extremely negative practice, but one of the most devastating effects of the prejudice is the payment hoo-ha between men and women. According to the Institute for Womens Policy Research (IWPR), in 2011, female full-time workers made only 77 cents for every dollar earned by men, a gender net gap of 23 percent (Pay Equity & Discrimination). IWPR predicts that if change continues at the same impenetrable pace as it has done for the past cubic decimetre years, it will take almost another fiftyor until 2056for women to finally reach pay parity. Such inequality in payment is absurd, especially since women compromise 47% of the total U. S. labor force (Womens way). Throughout history, women have battled gender discrimination inside and outside of the office. The difference in payment of men and women is a significant problem that needfully to be paid more a ttention to. Once stereotypes are settled, problems with gender bias will dissolve as well and the payment gap will become easier to close. Until then, the laws that have been imposed need to become enforced more strictly and individuals need to pay more attention to sexual harassment norms.Women merit every right that men have and vice versa. Sexual discrimination affects all of society in some way or another, so it is important that societys members work towards ending it. workings Cited Gluck, Samantha. The Effects of Gender Discrimination in the playplace. Small Business. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. Hegewisch, Ariane, Cynthia Deitch, and Evelyn Murphy. Ending Sex and Race Discrimination in the Workplace Legal Interventions That Push the Envelope IWPR. Rep. N. p. , 2008. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. McCann, Deirdre. Sexual Harassment at Work National and International Responses, Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 2. Sexual Harassment at Work. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Mar . 2013. Pay Equity & Discrimination. IWPR. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment. Knowledge Center Catalyst. N. p. , 1 July 2012. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. Womens Bureau (WB) Quick Facts on Women in the Labor Force in 2010. Womens Bureau (WB) Quick Facts on Women in the Labor Force in 2010. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013.